Correlation of Nutritional Status and Cognitive Function with Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Elderly with Edentulism in a Tertiary Care Dental Setting, Jodhpur

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Abstract

Introduction: Oral health is a crucial determinant of overall well-being in elderly. Edentulism can adversely affect nutrition and cognition, which in turn may influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study assessed nutritional status and cognitive function among elderly with edentulism and examined their correlation with OHRQoL.

Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 elderly individuals (≥60 years) with complete or partial tooth loss attending the dental OPD of a tertiary care centre in Jodhpur from January to March 2025. Validated Hindi versions of the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form, Indian Elderly Dietary Index, Mini-Cog, and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index were used, along with a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Proportions and Spearman’s rank correlation were applied for analysis.

Results: Majority (85.5%) had partial tooth loss, and 57.6% reported poor OHRQoL. Nutritional assessment showed 13% malnourished and 34.5% at risk, with deficiencies in calories (>60%), protein (>80%), calcium (>80%), and vitamin C (99%). Less than half (43%) had a “healthy diet” score. Cognitive impairment was high in 36.2% of participants. OHRQoL correlated positively with nutritional status (ρ = 0.371, p < 0.001) and cognitive function (ρ = 0.307, p < 0.001). Moderate positive correlations were observed with calorie and vitamin C intake, as well as diet quality.

Conclusion: Poor OHRQoL among elderly with edentulism is significantly influenced by nutritional status and cognitive function, highlighting the need for integrated oral, nutritional, and cognitive health interventions.