Cardio-metabolic disease risk assessment in urban school going adolescent age group (10-19 years) using lipid biomarkers: A Cross-Sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for Cardio-metabolic disease and its complications which is showing an increasing trends in adults worldwide. Lipid imbalance detection during adolescent period  can forecast the development of cardio-metabolic disease in adulthood.

The Primary Objective of the study was to assess the lipid profile parameters in the school going urban adolescents of the age group of 10-19 years. Secondary Objectives: To find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study population using NCEP-III criteria. Methods: It was an observational analytical  cross-sectional study conducted for a period of two years in the school going urban adolescents of the age group of 10-19 years. Sample size was 679.

Results: Out of 679 study population female were 554 (81.6% ) and 125(18.4% ) males. The mean age among male & female respondents were 13.8±0.9 & 14.7±1.8 years respectively. Majority of the respondents from both the gender belongs to the age group of 14-16 years [Male- 81( 64.8%), Female-366(66.1%)]. The overall results revealed that prevalence of dyslipidaemia & Metabolic syndrome was found to be 496 (73%) & 47(6.9%). Majority of the participants had low HDL Value {  females- 400(72.2%) , Males- 96(76.8%). High triglyceride level was seen in {Female- 119(21.5%) ,Male- 18(14.4%)}. Borderline & high LDL value was observed in seven(1.3%) females only. Borderline cholesterol levels were seen in [Female- 21 (3.8%) and male- 2(1.6%)]. Seven(1.6%) female participants had very high cholesterol level. Total  of 72(10.6%)  adolescents had blood pressure ≥130/85mm of HG.

Conclusion: Early risk assessment should begin in adolescence in order to design and implement lifestyle or pharmacological interventions that might be effective in preventing the mortality & morbidity caused by Cardiometabolic disease in adulthood.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, CVD,  Dyslipidaemia , lipid markers, NCEP-III guidelines.