Advancing Dengue Prevention: Vaccine Development and Current Trials
Main Article Content
Abstract
Dengue fever remains one of the most significant mosquito-borne viral diseases, affecting nearly 390 million individuals annually, with 96 million symptomatic cases. In the absence of targeted antiviral therapy and the limitations of existing vector control strategies, vaccine development has emerged as the primary strategy for long-term dengue prevention. This manuscript reviews the global necessity for a dengue vaccine, discusses challenges related to immunological responses and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and evaluates current vaccine candidates and ongoing clinical trials. Recent progress with licensed vaccines, such as Dengvaxia and Qdenga, is analyzed, along with promising developments from the NIH and Butantan Institute. Emerging platforms, including mRNA-based vaccines, have also been addressed.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
1. Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, Drake JM, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, Sankoh O, Myers MF. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):504-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12060
2. WHO. Dengue and severe dengue. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue.
3. Shepard DS, Undurraga EA, Halasa YA. Economic and disease burden of dengue in Southeast Asia. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2013 Feb 21;7(2):e2055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002055
4. Halstead SB. Pathogenesis of dengue: challenges to molecular biology. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):476-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.239.4839.476
5. Screaton G, Mongkolsapaya J, Yacoub S, Roberts C. New insights into the immunopathology and control of dengue virus infection. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2015 Dec;15(12):745-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3916
6. Sridhar S, Luedtke A, Langevin E, Zhu M, Bonaparte M, Machabert T, Savarino S, Zambrano B, Moureau A, Khromava A, Moodie Z. Effect of dengue serostatus on dengue vaccine safety and efficacy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018 Jul 26;379(4):327-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800820
7. Henein S, et al. Safety and efficacy of dengue vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(10):1151-1163.
8. Biswal S, Reynales H, Saez-Llorens X, Lopez P, Borja-Tabora C, Kosalaraksa P, Sirivichayakul C, Watanaveeradej V, Rivera L, Espinoza F, Fernando L. Efficacy of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy children and adolescents. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019 Nov 21;381(21):2009-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1903869
9. Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Assessment report Qdenga (Internet). 2022. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/qdenga-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf
10. Saez-Llorens X, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in children: Phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2017;389(10082):351-362.
11. Whitehead SS, et al. Prospects for a dengue virus vaccine. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5(7):518-528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1690
12. Pardi N, et al. mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018;17(4):261-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2017.243
13. Richner JM, et al. Modified mRNA vaccines protect against Zika virus infection. Cell. 2017;168(6):1114-1125.e10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.017
14. Tricou V, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of tetravalent dengue vaccine in adults and children: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375(9715):1437-1446.
15. Capeding MR, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of a dengue vaccine in Asia: a phase 3, randomised, observer-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014;384(9951):1358-1365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61060-6
16. Indian Council of Medical Research, Panacea Biotec. ICMR and Panacea Biotec initiate the First Dengue Vaccine Phase 3 Clinical Trial in India (press release). 2024 Aug 14. Available from: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2045090.
17. Khan SA, Dutta P, Topno R, Saha S, Khan AM. Immunogenicity and safety of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy adults in India: a phase II, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(3):679-83. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1011993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1011993
18. Kaur M, Sharma M, Singh S, Kumari R, Tripathi R, Roy P, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial of a dengue tetravalent vaccine in healthy adults. NPJ Vaccines. 2022;7(1):24. doi:10.1038/s41541-022-00441-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-022-00441-9
19. Kaur M, Sharma M, Singh S, Kumari R, Tripathi R, Roy P, et al. A Phase 1, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy adults. Vaccine. 2023;41(37):5388-96. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.012
20. Butantan-DV Working Group. Efficacy and safety of Butantan-DV in participants aged 2–59 years: a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 Nov 26. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00382-3.
21. Biswal S, Borja-Tabora C, Martinez Vargas L, Velásquez H, Alera MT, Sierra V, et al. Efficacy of a Dengue Vaccine Candidate (TAK-003) in Healthy Children and Adolescents 2 Years After Vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2021;223(1):91-100. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa411