Reimagining Public Health: Unravelling Challenges to Routine Immunization Access in Urban Communities for Migrants, the Urban Poor, and Underserved Groups

Abstract

Background: In urban settings, ensuring equitable access to routine immunization services presents a complex challenge, particularly for marginalized groups such as migrants, the urban poor, and other underserved populations. The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) was launched to address the health concerns of the urban poor by facilitating equitable access through rationalizing and strengthening the existing health delivery capacity. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to explore the multifaceted barriers faced by underserved communities in accessing routine immunization services and proposes strategies to promote health equity in urban settings, ultimately bridging these gaps. Methodology: The framework of the NUHM was analysed to understand its impact on providing public health services to the urban population, with a specific focus on the urban poor and slum populations. The study examines the principles underpinning Universal Health Care, such as equity, participatory governance, and intersectoral collaboration, to address the social determinants of health. Results: Findings indicate that despite the NUHM's efforts, significant barriers to routine immunization access persist for marginalized urban communities. These barriers include socio-economic disparities, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited community engagement. Conclusion: To achieve health equity, there is a need for innovative strategies that address these barriers comprehensively. Strengthening intersectoral collaboration, enhancing community participation, and improving healthcare infrastructure are crucial steps toward promoting equitable access to immunization services for all urban residents, particularly the underserved.