Air Pollution and Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs) in Rajasthan: A Systematic Review of the Literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56450/JEFI.2026.v4i01.003Keywords:
Air Pollution, Chronic Respiratory Disease, Occupational Exposure, Silicosis, Tuberculosis, Biomass, Particulate Matter, Spirometry, Respiratory Function Tests, RajasthanAbstract
Background: In Rajasthan, ambient, indoor, and occupational exposures overlap across diverse agro-climatic and mining zones, contributing to chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) from dust, vehicular pollution, and biomass burning. Aims and objectives: To conduct an in-depth review of CRD burden, risk factors, and respiratory outcomes associated with ambient, occupational, and indoor air pollution in Rajasthan. Methodology: The systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251000552). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to 31 May 2025. 18 articles (1999–2025) were reviewed after 1,222 duplicates were eliminated and 353 complete texts were evaluated from 3,679 articles. The AXIS and Newcastle–Ottawa Scales assessed the quality of cross-sectional and cohort studies. Heterogeneity necessitated narrative synthesis. Result: Silicosis prevalence varied from 8% to 52%, silico-TB from 7% to 12%, and tuberculosis from 9% to 17%. Mine workers had restrictive spirometry, 40%–89%, and developed severe fibrosis, 22%. Silicosis/TB risk increased 5.61-fold in BMI <18.5. Traffic police with high RSPM had lower FEV₁, while exposure to biomass fuel was associated with elevated wheezing and reduced lung function. Conclusion: The comprehensive literature review first estimates a significant respiratory burden and identifies gaps in longitudinal, cohort, and case-control studies with exposure monitoring, demographic (geriatric, paediatric), and advanced radiological techniques.
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